who am I

Reading vocabulary

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.      Background of Study

English is the first foreign language in Indonesia. English is taught from Elementary level upto University level. English is also an international language, in written as well as in spoken communication. In addition, many books of science, technology, art and other published issues are written of English.

Reading is the most difficult aspect in language, especially in foreign language. In reading foreign language we have to know each meaning of word from the text. By understanding each word from the text, we will know the purpose of text.

Knowing vocabulary in reading is the way to know the purpose of the text.so that we have to understand what the vocabulary is and the meaning of it.and we can arrange easily of the context.with all of those we can get the pupose of the context.

B.       Problem Statement

Dealing with limitation of the problem, the researcher would like to formulate the problem as follow:

1.         What is the definition of reading?

2.         What is the definition context/paragraph?

3.         What is the definition of vocabulary?

4.         How is the way to understand vocabulary from the context?

C.      The Objectives of Study

The objectives of the research could be formulated as follow:

1.    To know the meaning of reading.

2.    To know the meaning of context/paragraph.

3.    To know the meaning of vocabulary.

4.    To know how to understand vocabulary from the context.

D.      The Uses of the Study

Theoretically:

1.    As the references for other researchers who are interested to identifying the meaning of reading.

2.    As the support for the theory of Uderstanding unknown vocabulary from the context in a paragraph.

Practically:

1.    As the information for all the teachers and the students to know strategies in Identiying unknown vocabulary from the context.

CHAPTER II

RESEARCH

2.1  READING

Reading is an activity to read some books, newspaper, articles, and etc. That’s the way a person to gets information, if we get information automatically it will increase our knowledge and we have to know well reading is one important way to improve the general language skill in English. A person can read using sight our touch, such us when a vision – impaired person reads Braille.

Reading is an intensive process in which the eye quickly moves to assimilate text. Very little is actually seen accurately. It is necessary to understand visual perception and eye movement in order to understand the reading process.

Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). Reading is   typically an individual activity, although on occasion a person will read out loud for the benefit of other listeners. Reading aloud for one’s own use, for better comprehension is a form of intrapersonal communication. Reading to young children is a recommended way to instill language and expression, and to promote comprehension of text.

The advantages of reading:

1.         Improve vocabulary

2.          Increase reading speed

3.         Improve reading comprehension

4.          Help improve writing

5.         Give you a chance to gain more knowledge

6.         Provide examples of the many different ways people speak and write in English.

2.2 CONTEXT/PARAGRAPH

           Context is any information that can be used to characterize the sutuation an entity. An entity is a person ,plaace or object taht is considered  relevant to the interaction betweena user and an application, including the user and applications themselves. Context is a part of paragraph.

Example :

1.      I miss my mum

2.      We usually go to France in the summer, but we’ve decided to give it a miss this year.

A paragraph is a group of sentences about a topic.  The topic is often explained in one sentence and developed in the rest of the sentences.  The sentence that announces the main point of the paragraph is called the topic sentence.  Though the topic sentence usually is the first sentence of the paragraph, it can appear anywhere in the paragraph.  It is also possible for a paragraph to have no explicit topic sentence.  However, even if a paragraph has no identifiable topic sentence, it must still have a clear main focus, and the reader should sense the connection among the sentences in the paragraph.

Every paragraph has a key concept or main idea. The main idea is the most important piece of information the author wants you to know about the concept of that paragraph. When authors write they have an idea in mind that they are trying to get across. This is especially true as authors compose paragraphs. An author organizes each paragraph's main idea and supporting details in support of the topic or central theme, and each paragraph supports the paragraph preceding it.

2.3 VOCABULARY

 Vocabulary is a group or stock of words used in a particular way by a certain group of people regarding their language. It is simply the words of a language

A person's vocabulary is the set of words within a language that are familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually develops with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Acquiring an extensive vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning a second language.

Types of vocabulary:

1.    Reading vocabulary

A literate person's reading vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when reading. This is generally the largest type of vocabulary simply because it includes the other three, though in some cases, notably Chinese characters, as in Chinese and Japanese, where the pronunciation is not transparent, some words may be part of the oral vocabulary but not the written. For example, a Chinese speaker may not recognize that 麒麟 (giraffe) is pronounced qi lin, a Japanese speaker may not recognize that 麒麟 (giraffe) is pronounced kirin.

2.    Listening vocabulary

A person's listening vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when listening to speech. This vocabulary is aided in size by context and tone of voice.

3.    Speaking vocabulary

A person's speaking vocabulary is all the words he or she can use in speech. Due to the spontaneous nature of the speaking vocabulary, words are often misused. This misuse – though slight and unintentional – may be compensated by facial expressions, tone of voice, or hand gestures.

4.    Focal  Vocabulary

“Focal vocabulary" is a specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group; those with a particular focus of experience or activity. A lexicon, or vocabulary, is a language's dictionary, its set of names for things, events, and ideas. Some linguists believe that lexicon influences people's perception on things, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. For example, the Nuer of Sudan has an elaborate vocabulary to describe cattle. The Nuer has dozens of names for cattle because of the cattle's particular histories, economies, and environments. This kind of comparison has elicited some linguistic controversy, as with the number of "Eskimo words for snow". English speakers can also elaborate their snow and cattle vocabularies when the need arises.

The importance of a vocabulary

·       An extensive vocabulary aids expressions and communication.

·       Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading comprehension.

·       Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary.

·       A person may be judged by others based on his or her vocabulary.

·        

2.4 UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY FROM THE CONTEXT

   The reader usually finds unknown vocabulary that will make the reader have trouble in reading. The old way that usually be done by some of the readers are:

a)    Look up in the dictionary.

b)   Ask the teacher.

c)    Ask another student / friends.

The readers are not reading as effectively and effectively as the reader could be. The best way to find the unknown vocabulary is guess the meaning from the context in the sentence. When the readers guess the meaning of unknown word, the reader uses the text around the unknown vocabulary.

Example:

·         Unknown vocabulary is misogynist.

·         Guess unknown vocabulary from the context

1.             He realized that his boss was a misogynist soon after he started working for him.

2.             It is difficult for woman to work for a misogynist. He is never sure of the reasons for his criticism.

3.             He knew that no woman would ever get a top-level job in a company owned by a misogynist.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSION

This papers gives positive result, for student ,it is expected that this technique will help them to improve their reading skill. The student will be able to:

1.             Understand the meaning of reading skill.

2.             Understand the meaning of paragraph.

3.             Understand the detail information of vocabulary.

4.             Understand the how to know the vocabulary from the context

3.2 SUGGESTION

Based on those definitions above, strategies are any tools or tactics that employ to learn more effectively and more autonomously. All of those factors made the students to have low motivation in learning English, especially reading. Improve the students' motivation in learning.

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